Sidney Lumet and His Concerns

Sidney Lumet and His Concerns Every individual who makes a bit of craftsmanship has certain worries that are typically given the assistance of intriguing and interesting topics, solid charming characters, and an engaging and eye catching story. In this regard, it is important to break down the films made by an exceptional chief Sydney Lumet who figured out how to incite contemplations in his crowd instructing them adjoin the existence esteems and fundamental rules that ought to be followed.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Sidney Lumet and His Concerns explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A Stranger Among Us (1992) A Stranger Among Us (1992) featuring Melanie Griffith who assumed a job of Emily, a criminologist covert, is the first film that ought to be evaluated in quite a while of subject, characters, and story. Emily lives in the group of rebbe and examines an instance of theft submitted by a stage little girl of rebbe who thought nothing about her previous existence. This st ory is loaded with otherworldliness and reality in light of the fact that the primary character is portrayed as a free and liberated lady who believes that her life is her own business and she is the main individual who can choose for her. This thought is recommended as a difference to the way that an organized marriage will occur between the rebbe’s child and a young lady he never observed. In this regard, we can plainly observe the connections between American culture where ladies can do anything they desire and a profoundly otherworldly Hasidic culture in agreement to which individuals can get hitched without knowing each other all around ok. Along these lines, the examination interlaces near the profound advancement of Emily as the primary character and picking up of comprehension about others and thought processes behind their activities. One of the most remarkable scenes is the one that occurred in the store where Ariel (the rebbe’s child) cuts jewels; two crimin als went to the spot and requested a whole of cash given to them month to month for their administrations of shielding the store from all issues and concerns. This scene finished questionably as Emily observed the activities of criminals yet never really keep them from doing as such; plainly she worked covert however she could illuminate her associates about that posse. Additionally, neither Ariel nor his sister put forth attempts to keep those hoodlums from coercing cash from them.Advertising Looking for paper on craftsmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The story told in the film A Stranger Among Us (1992) is like all accounts utilized by Sydney Lumet where the chief figures out how to present characters who by all methods pick the side of watching the laws or the side of unlawful activities. In this regard, the character of Melanie Griffith speaks to the positions accepted by Lumet as she picks the side of legitimate activities and secures the privilege of others to be in safe. In spite of the fact that a few characters truly pick the side of heroes, other are certainly awful and the executive doesn't show changes in characters as far as their life way. In any case, he figures out how to show that the fundamental character grows profoundly and perceives her conduct as improper for the Hasidic people group. Privately-owned company (1989) The second film that ought to be examined I terms of topics, characters, and story is the Family Business (1989) featuring such praised entertainers as Sean Connery, Dustin Hoffman, and Matthew Broderick. In this way, we can see Sean Connery as the granddad, Dustin Hoffman as his child while Matthew Broderick assumes the job of child of Dustin Hoffman’s character. Connections between the individuals from one family that were destroyed because of the craving of one of them to change his fate and carry on with a decent existence without criminal i ssues can be viewed as the significant topic of the film. As the wrongdoings were related by Dustin Hoffman’s character with his dad played via Sean Connery, he chose to shield his own child from the impact of criminal standards supported by his own dad. In this regard, the executive figured out how to show the genuine family relations out of sight of crime practiced by every one of the three men. This story shows that men can't change however every individual ought to recollect about his/her family members and endeavor to stay in touch with them paying little mind to the contentions and false impressions that could have occurred before. Every one of the three principle characters are appeared as comparative in one manner and totally extraordinary in another. Therefore, the granddad has a ‘career of criminal’ as he loves what he does and won't surrender it. Simultaneously, his child makes certain about the rightness of his choice to keep his own child farther fro m his granddad though the secret is uncovered and the kid exhibit intrigue and energy about playing out some burglary along with his granddad. Unmistakably the relations between these individuals become better just when every one of the three are working together. This story additionally shows that the intensity of propensities can cause an individual to carry out violations again and again.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Sidney Lumet and His Concerns explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sydney Lumet doesn't present anything new however approach for appearing of essential standards of life. Ability of entertainers and the executive empower them to make something remarkable though the story for this film can be followed in an extraordinary number of families everywhere throughout the world. Age hole and endeavors to do a remarkable inverse what a dad has done can isolate individuals for the entire life. In this regard, the crowd likes motion pictu res coordinated by Lumet as a result of the thoughts and standards supported by the chief who figures out how to pass on his message with the assistance of the story and characters. The Family Business (1989) coordinated by Sydney Lumet can be viewed as one of the component films that incite contemplations about relations with different individuals from the family and significance of keeping associations. The subjects and characters utilized by Sydney Lumet contribute enormously to the tales picked for a screen adaptation. The chief feels the crowd and picks the topics that can bring out specific feelings in individuals and make them reevaluate their life positions and convictions. The positions accepted by Lumet discover their appearance in the characters of his motion pictures; this can be found in each film since he figures out how to make each character unmistakable and one of a kind. Despite the fact that he can rehash what he said before, all words articulated by characters ar e loaded up with explicit importance which is savvy and thoroughly considered. These two motion pictures A Stranger Among Us (1992) featuring Melanie Griffith and Family Business (1989) featuring Sean Connery, Dustin Hoffman, and Matthew Broderick can be contrasted with The Hill (1965) featuring Sean Connery where the story uncovers the activities that occurred in a confinement camp. The comparative thing in these accounts is that they have solid characters who recognize what they need from life and are certain what side to help.

Business Law Warranty Clause Matter

Question: Examine about the Business Law for Warranty Clause Matter. Answer: 1. The issue in the initial segment is that whether there lays any agreement among Vanessa and Nikhil Car Sales Pty Ltd or not. There are sure fundamental components that decide the nearness of an agreement between two gatherings. There ought to be an offer made by one gathering and a similar offer ought to be acknowledged on the communicated terms unaltered by the other party in any case. This nearness ofoffer and acknowledgment is one of the initial steps of building a contract[1]. It ought to be expressed in this issue Nikhil Car deals had thought of the ad for the offer of trade-in vehicles in the papers. This shows Nikhil Car Sales had given an encouragement to treat and this was taken as against a proposal by Vanessa. She selected to get one of the vehicles and therefore the offer started. The second fundamental of framing an agreement is the nearness of thought. In the given issue, the cash offered by Vanessa that is $9,500 is the thought. In this way, it very well may be said th at the fundamental components of framing an agreement have been fulfilled among them. In addition, there are sure different conditions also which ought to be approved before an agreement is upheld. The gatherings to the agreement ought to have common assent in the matter[2]. This suggests both the gatherings to the agreement ought to consent to the provisions of the agreement and none of the gatherings ought to be in a special circumstance over the other. In the given occasion both Nikhil and Vanessa had assent in the issue and consented to the terms that were commonly agreed by every last one of them. Ability of the gatherings to go into the agreement is another perspective that should be investigated. This infers the gatherings in the agreement ought to have the legitimate legitimacy to go into the agreement. They ought to be of appropriate age and ought not have any legitimate inadequacy to go into the agreement. In the given circumstance, there is nothing which focuses that either Nikhil or Vanessa were lawfully clumsy to go into the agreement. Consequently, it is demonstrated past any sensible uncertainty that all the components of a substantial agreement are available in the issue and henceforth there exists a legitimate agreement among Vanessa and Nikhil Car Sales Pty Ltd. There is anyway nonappearance of any guarantee condition in the issue. In any case, this can't nullify the agreement in light of the fact that the nearness of a guarantee proviso in each agreement isn't compulsory and it can stay missing in certain contracts[3]. On the off chance that both the gatherings knew about the nonattendance of the guarantee provision in the agreement , and brought up no criticism to the extent the legitimacy of the agreement is being referred to, at that point the nonappearance of the proviso doesn't let the whole agreement to be refuted. The nonattendance of the guarantee condition would not influence the idea of the agreement and the understanding went into by Nikhil and Vanessa would stay in effect[4]. 2. Undoubtedly, it very well may be said that carelessness in the issue has been directed by Nikhil in the issue and Vanessa has rights to guarantee for remuneration of the carelessness caused towards her. The guideline behind carelessness is that the gathering that grumbles of ought to owe to the next gathering griping an obligation to fare thee well and the gathering that whines ought to have the option to demonstrate that the harm that he has endured is a result of that break of duty[5]. Hence, it very well may be said that there are sure basics of carelessness in particular the transgressor owed an obligation of care and that obligation was penetrated by him[6]. Be that as it may, had there been another sensible individual on that position, the sea shore would have been dodged. Along these lines, the misfortune that was endured by the offended party ought to be an aftereffect of the penetrate of obligation of care owed by the litigant in any matter[7]. The obligation anyway isn't an y standard obligation or an ethical commitment. It is a legitimate obligation to take care penetrating which may bring about a risk for paying damages[8]. In the given circumstance, Nikhil knew that Vanessa was depending on him for settling on the choice about purchasing the consideration. Disregarding staying alert he decided to give her bogus portrayals. He digressed from his expert obligation of expressing reality with regards to the past responsibility for vehicle just as the genuine odometer running of the vehicle. This shows his disappointment in any situation to consent to his obligation of care. Accordingly, it very well may be said that the underlying two basics have been fulfilled by Nikhil that build up his carelessness in the issue. It is likewise past sensible uncertainty that Vanessa suffered harm on account of the carelessness of Nikhil. The back apparatus of the vehicle was not working inside a quarter of a year of her buying the vehicle. She additionally said that she had no goals to purchase the vehicle in the event that she was made mindful of the genuine state of the vehicle. Notwithstanding, she wound up purchasing the equivalent simply because she was erroneously spoken to with the realities about the vehicle. Henceforth it tends to be definitively said on this angle the misfortune endured by Vanessa is simply because of the carelessness of Nikhil. In this way, carelessness in the issue is demonstrated past any sensible questions. In any case, it ought to likewise be noticed that Vanessa contributed towards the carelessness which happens to be a legitimate barrier against the allegation towards Nikhil. It has been settled that Vanessa had choices of checking about the whereabouts of the vehicle. In addition, the hand book was set right inside the vehicle which contained all the insights regarding the vehicle. Regardless of this, Vanessa aimlessly depended on the portrayals made by Nikhil and executed the buy. This shows Vanessa had contributed towards the carelessness. Thus, to the extent customary law is being referred to, there are no cures that Vanessa has in the issue. 3. In the given issue, when Vanessa went to look at the vehicle, she was told and indicated that the vehicle had a solitary past proprietor and it had just run for 75,000 kilometers. Be that as it may, truth be told, the vehicle was claimed by an organization already and it was an armada vehicle. Besides, it had really run for 175,000 kilometers. Notwithstanding, it ought to likewise be noticed that inside the vehicle, there was an assistance book of the vehicle and it contained all the subtleties of the vehicle and its activities. The administration book was not avoided Vanessa and she was permitted to inspect the vehicle completely. Then again, Nikhil himself revealed to Vanessa that the vehicle was the best one out of the part and had just a single proprietor beforehand. The odometer of the vehicle additionally mirrored the perusing that was conveyed by Nikhil. Vanessa came to think about the genuine state of the vehicle from her technician. It very well may be said that Vanessa has rights under the custom-based law. The direct of Nikhil can be supposed to be a deceptive and tricky lead. Area 18(1) of the ACL denies an individual from going into any deceptive or beguiling behavior in his business[9]. The preconditions in such manner are that the respondent ought to be an individual and ought to be occupied with some exchange or trade. He ought to along these lines have occupied with a lead that is deceiving or tricky. Misleading is said to have been done when an individual is made to think something that is bogus or would have prompted a mistake in contemplations. Deceiving is said to have been done when the individual is driven adrift in real life. A break under Section 18 of the ACL gives common results in the hands of the offended party. Assessments communicated likewise establish a break under this section[10]. Where the assessment is accepted to be valid by the other party and the supposition ends up being really a bogus one given deliberately, at that point such an occurrence is taken to be a penetrate under the law and the offended party gets qualified for get remedies[11]. In the given circumstance, however Vanessa had the chance of checking all the insights regarding the vehicle, yet the reality can't be disregarded that she was beguiled. The improper odometer perusing was appeared to her and there is no defense to this. Besides, it was additionally advised to her that the vehicle had a solitary proprietor. This announcement is halfway obvious on the grounds that the vehicle was an armada vehicle and had a place with an organization. Therefore, these established puff articulations made to hoodwink her[12]. Besides, a sentiment was likewise communicated by Nikhil in regards to the vehicle that he felt it was the best. Henceforth, it very well may be said that all these were done distinctly to execute the deal and bamboozle Vanessa. Along these lines, Vanessa can guarantee for harms under Section 236 as well as can request compensatory arranges under Division 4 of the ACL. References Cheshire, G. C, C. H. S Fifoot and M. P Furmston,Cheshire And Fifoot's Law Of Contract(Butterworths, 2009) Corones, S. G,The Australian Consumer Law(Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia, 2011) Mill operator, Russell V,Miller's Australian Competition And Consumer Law Annotated(Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia, 2011) Turner, C. F,Australian Commercial Law(LBC Information Services, 2001) (Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee(1957) 1 WLR Donoghue v Stevenson[1932] AC Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller[1964] AC Multiplex Constructions Pty Ltd v Amdel Ltd[1991] ATPR Walker Corporation Pty Limited v Sydney Harbor Foreshore Authority[2008] HCA Weitman v Katies(1977) 2 TPC

Reasons Why Professional Research Paper Writers Gets Paid

Reasons Why Professional Research Paper Writers Gets PaidWhen you think of professional research paper writers, the word 'physics' probably pops into your mind. However, research papers should not be limited to topics that are related to the subjects that a university would teach or even subject matter that has to do with modern physics or even the history of science in general. It is important to know that there are quite a few professional research paper writers who specialize in the particular area of the science that you wish to research.Writing a research paper on subjects that are more specific will require more careful consideration on the topic. Your choice of topic may well depend on the particular institution that will be teaching you about these subjects. Furthermore, you should also make sure that the professor or instructor who is teaching this course of study will be the one who will be able to offer you clear and detailed explanations as to how to proceed with your res earch. You should make sure that you will be provided with relevant information so that you can proceed with your research in a systematic and precise manner.When you are studying the aspects of your topic, you should also think about how you will go about the execution of your research paper. Your research paper writing style should ideally include the writer's credentials, as well as the credibility and expertise that you will be able to draw from your expertise. When it comes to credentials, you should make sure that the writer who will be writing your research paper has held a PhD in order to have much better chances of being taken seriously.When you plan to write a research paper for a specific research subject, it is imperative that you be precise about your assignment. The problem that most researchers face when they write a research paper on topics that are not related to their areas of expertise is that they sometimes do not know what to write on. If you want to avoid this situation, you should make sure that you can learn as much as you can about the topic through your research.The other issue that you need to consider when writing a research paper on a specific subject is whether you will be writing a factual report or a speculative or opinionated one. Most research papers focus on facts, but when it comes to matters of conjecture, opinions and speculation, you should try to remain as objective as possible. One final thing that you should always remember when it comes to your subject is to try and stick to the facts and information that you have acquired.In addition to these two issues, the other reason why professional research paper writers get paid is because they work very hard for the client who hires them. Their tasks may include research on the latest developments in the field of study that the client is seeking information about. They will also usually be required to prepare and analyze the results of the research that they have conducted, w hile preparing the report for the client.Writing a research paper may not be easy. It is important to be able to deal with the hurdles that can come up when you are trying to write your own research papers, as well as balancing your writing with accurate facts and data. In short, you need to understand how to take good notes and how to write about your research in a systematic manner.Remember that professional research paper writers have to ensure that their clients get the best quality research papers for the reports that they need. Not only do they help to write informative reports, but they also make sure that the client's job is done on time and within budget.

Dignity and Transformation in the Face of Tragedy in The...

It is not very often, when you read a book that you see hopeful and stirring themes placed against a backdrop of terror and tragedy. The â€Å"Grapes of Wrath†, written by John Steinbeck in 1939, is a gritty and realistic picture of life for migrant families in California during the Great Depression in the face of a drought, all struggling to build lives for themselves and maintain their dignity amongst the rampant capitalist self-interest of landowners. â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† is both a novel both a naturalistic epic and a social commentary. Steinbeck tackles major themes such as suffering inflicted from man unto man and the snowballing effects of both selflessness and selfishness, all seen through the eyes of an altruistic, omniscient narrator†¦show more content†¦The climax of the struggle occurs as Jim is murdered by a police officer, who Tom then kills. In the absence of the group’s spiritual leader, Tom steps up and joins together a large group of migrants to fight for better conditions, finding his purpose as a man of the people and leaving the Joad family on his own. The book concludes when Tom’s sister, Rose of Sharon, gives birth to a stillborn baby, and uses her milk to save a starving man, representing the community of migrants and humans in the face of oppression. Jim Casey, the spiritual and moral center of the novel, is a character worth analyzing more in depth. When Casey joins Tom on his journey, he is a bit of an enigma. An ex-preacher, he was cynical to the theatrical trappings of all things church-related, however his spirituality is unshaken. In a Christ-like acceptance of the flaws of others (a figure with whom he shares initials), he sees holiness not within following a certain set of rules, but in being compassionate and fully embracing the human experience. In this, I believe Steinbeck used this character as a voice for the central theme of the book. He unflinchingly accepted all tragedy thrown the way of his surrogate family with kind words and a grace that was almost other-worldly. His violent death further solidifies his position as a martyr and a change-maker,Show MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck s The Great Depression1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe historical masterpiece written by John Steinbeck portrays a story about a humble family who are forced to find jobs during the time of the Great depression. The characters are hopeful, as they pray for a pray for a brighter future. Steinbeck tries to demonstrate the strength of unity, and that working together will triumph anything that is done individually. Rather than sticking to their own beliefs, the characters are modeled by their environment. They have no choice but to seek help to beRead MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 Pagesthis mean that by focusing on the influences of environment in literature we are labeling our main characters helpless victims? Absolutely not. In The Street Lutie Johnson fights the ghetto with a determination that can only be called heroic; her tragedy is that she loses her battle against her surroundings, but her triumph consists of her willingness to break the boundaries that both white and black society had created for African American women in the 1940s. I n Toni Cade Bambara s The Lesson,

The Seperation of Powers and the American Constitution Essay

The Seperation of Powers and the American Constitution When the founding fathers wrote the Constitution they came up with a revolutionary idea which is known as the seperation of powers. This incorperated a system which protected the principles on which the constitution was based, such as avoiding tyranny and forming a more perfect union. The way the seperation of powers work is known as vertical and horizontal. The vertical seperation of powers has three different branches, the Federal government, the state governments and the much smaller local governments. The local governments consist of a mayor, councils and county courts, these would ytake care of things such as legislation on parking†¦show more content†¦There are powers though that can not be taken away from any of these three branches meaning all have been limited. To prevent the federal, state or maybe even local governments taking control of the country, the power sharing is broken down further. All three of the above braches have another three branches, these are the executive, legislature and the judiciary. All three use a system known as Checks and Balances, this allows one of the the branches to be watched over and checked on by the other two branches . This works well as the Supreme Courtprotects the constitution by ruling on whether or not a bill is constitutional or unconstitutional. There are downsides to the Checks and Balances as was seen in 1995 during the Appropreations Crisis when government shut down for two weeks as Congress and the, then, President Clinton could not agree over the Appropreations Bill. There is also the Line Item Veto which came from the Appropreations Crisis, this allowed the Presidentto veto sentences or paragraphsthat he did not like, this was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court even though it mad e for more effective government. A further seperation of power is with in theShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution Of The United States1593 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The Constitution of the United States was signed on the 17th of September in 1787. The delegates who signed the document were the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. The Convention was presided over by George Washington. It was the Constitution of the United States that established the national government and certain basic fundamental laws apart from guaranteeing some basic rights to the citizens of the United States. The first Constitution of the United StatesRead MoreJohn Locke s State Of Nature993 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke 1.John Locke describes the state of nature in multiple ways. He claims that the state of nature has a law of nature to govern it. Then he goes on by saying no one man comes by power over another. He describes it as a state of equality . 2.People left the state of nature and joined a political society by establishing a government because security of personal property was not provided in the state of nature. Although the state of nature is considered to be free, it falls short to issuesRead MoreThe System Of Checks And Balances Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesI Topic Sentence The flow of power in the system of checks and balances was created to protect the principles of democracy and sovereignty in the United States, But Even though there is a separation of powers, its clear to argue that the executive branch(President) is the most important branch and there are flaws in the system of checks and balances. II Signifigance of the Topic The system of checks and balances is an significant part of the Constitution because With checks and balances, each ofRead MoreImpact of the Gulf War, September 11th, and the War in Iraq on the U.S. Constitution1083 Words   |  5 Pages The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It was completed on September, 1787, with its adoption by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was later ratified by special conventions in each of the original thirteen states. It created a more unified and defined government in place of what was then a group of free and independent states operating under the Articles of Confederation. During its historyRead MorePresidential Use of Force Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesPresidential Use of Force When the framers of the Constitution constructed the executive branch of government, they envisioned a president with certain limited powers. 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Democracy vs Dictatorship Free Essays

I choose democracy as a more efficient type of government over dictatorship for these three simple reasons right her equal rights for all people, political freedom, and freedom of choice. I know you as a reader notice how every reason has the word freedom in it. This is because with a dictatorship there is no freedom, which show the ovbious reason why democracy is suprior. We will write a custom essay sample on Democracy vs Dictatorship or any similar topic only for you Order Now Democracy is a system of government in which political authority is held by the people. Democracies typically feature constitutional governments with majority rules. This is to keep they peace among the people â€Å"they equally voted for whoever or whatever†. Freedom of expression in a dictatorship doesn’t exist. With a dictator if you disargee with him/she you know that your better off not saying anything, because with a militarylistic type of ruler most likely your either imprsioned or killed. Freedom of expression is important mainly because if you only have one view of something how could it not be one sided, without oppions you’ll never come up with a plan that suits everybody that can be effected. Political freedom is way be on important. Not being able to choose who runs the place where you live is like paying rent for someone esle’s apartment. You have no say in what goes on wither it be about war, taxes, and even sometimes rules. Can you even picture life without your freedom of choice? This means you dont get to choice where you live, jobs, what you want to be, and etc. â€Å"Shoot† if your dictator doesn’t want you to speak english anymore and you don’t know any other language then you just dont talk. Can you imagine living like that? So I conclude that freedom of choice, political freedom, and freedom of expression are some major reasons for the supriority of an democracy over an dictatorship. If you don’t believe that it’s better then go to Cuba and live with Castro and see how you like it. Then write me and tell me how you feel about, because your under his rule now if he doesnt want you to leave then you can even come back and tell how you feel. How to cite Democracy vs Dictatorship, Essay examples

Development Current In Accounting Thought †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development Current In Accounting Thought? Answer: Introducation As per FASB, conceptual framework refers to a body comprising of certain fundamentals and objectives that are essentially interlinked. The objectives tend to resonate with the underlying purpose of financial reporting while the key concepts in place to fulfil the objectives are known as the fundamentals (Deegan, 2014, p.214). The IFRS exposure draft highlights that the conceptual framework foundation is derived on the basis of the objectives to be served by the general purpose financial reporting (Alexander et. al., 2007, pp. 120-121). Hence, the various concepts and principles outlined as part of the conceptual framework must ensure that the underlying financial reporting objectives may be met or it would lose its relevance. Various stakeholders such as creditors, lenders, investors (existing potential) have information needs as they need to take decisions but do not have direct access to the reporting entity. As a result, the financial reporting is intended to fulfil the informati on needs of these primary users in order to facilitate decision making. Also, it is imperative to note that the financial reporting aims to satiate the information needs of the highest number of primary users and not necessarily all (International Accounting Standards Board [IASB], 2010, pp. 8-11). In order to meet the various objectives, certain qualitative characteristics need to be possessed by the accounting information. One of these is understandability which essentially depends on the comprehension skills of the intended users but is critical so as to use the information for decision making. A primary qualitative characteristic is relevance which implies that the represented information must be able to make a difference to the decision making. Three characteristics tend to highlight the relevance namely predictive value, feedback value and timeliness. It is imperative that the information provided must be able to shed light on the future expected earnings of the reporting entity and also must be furnished early enough so that the user is able to use the same in making key decisions. Another primary qualitative characteristic to be met by the information provided is faithful representation. This implies that the information that is reported must represent the underlying ph enomenon, it aims to represent in a faithful manner. Three essential parameters that need to be fulfilled in this regard are neutrality, error free and completeness (IFRS Foundation, 2015, pp.27-32). There is an intrinsic tradeoff between relevance and faithful representation. On one hand, it is imperative that the information must be faithfully represented but on the other hand it must be provided in a timely manner so that the same could be used for decision making. In this regards, relevance should be considered as superior to faithful representation as it is essential that information must be provided to the intended users when these are relevant. Reliable or faithfully representative information provided after the relevance has ended would defeat the purpose of financial reporting. Also, the objective of financial reporting is not to depict the true value of the firm but rather to provide estimates about the potential future value. Further, the management could provide suitable disclosures with regards to information which could highlight the inherent limitations in terms of faithful representation. In order to determine whether it is feasible or not, it is noteworthy that f aithful representation aims at error free financial reporting and does not imply fully accurate reporting. While 100% accuracy is not intrinsically feasible, but it is possible for the financial statements to be framed and reported in a manner such that there is no error and all the applicable standards, conventions and management judgements have ben correctly applied (IFRS Foundation, 2015, pp.27-32). Aiming for 100% accuracy in financial reporting is counterintuitive and not prescribed as part of faithful representation. Hence, faithful representation of financial information is very much possible in the future in accounting Accounting theory in the recent times has seen essentially theoretical approaches namely normative (1955-1970) and positive (1970 onwards). Normative accounting theory refers to a theory which does not have basis is observation but is rather prescriptive with regards to how things should be done. A positive accounting theory on the other hand is descriptive and tends to analyse and highlight how and why things are being done in their present form (Matthews Perera, 1996, pp. 57). One of the most common normative theories in relation to measurement is the Historical Cost Accounting (HCA). This implies that the various transactions be recorded and represented in the financial statements based on their historical cost only (Deegan, 2014, pp.164-165). There are many benefits associated with the use of HCA. Firstly, there is lack of bias in this method as the underlying values can be independently and objectively verified. Secondly, it tends to limit the role of personal judgements and en sure that the values are not disputable. Thirdly, it has high acceptability amongst various stakeholders which is why this system has continued for so long or else there would have been a change already. However, there are certain limitations of HCA which opens it to criticism and look for alternatives (ICAEW, 2006, pp.21-23). One of the criticisms levelled against HCA deals with the assumption that no consideration of inflation needs to be taken which is incorrect as there is gradual erosion of value of money. This leads to the transactions not being recorded at the historic cost. Another issue is in the form of overstated profits where the revenues are adjusted for inflation but the costs are measured at historical values. Thus, there is an underreporting of costs as adjustment for inflation is not permissible in HCA. Further, with regards to assets, the actual market value of the asset may be significantly in variation with the historical cost and hence the market value of the assets needs to be reported or else it presents an incorrect view. This problem becomes even graver in the wake of growing importance and value of intangible assets (Deegan, 2014, pp. 160-174). Recognising this, the HCA was modified to as to ensure that certain assets are not realised at their historical cost but at the current re alisable value so as to accommodate certain assets which were not compatible with HCA. An alternative to HCA emerged in the form of CPPA (Current Purchasing Power Accounting) which tends to take inflation into consideration and hence enables the HCA to do away with this limitation. The various advantages of HCA also apply to CPPA as the only difference is readjustment of values to take inflation into consideration which can be objectively determined. However, a major limitation of CPPA is that the general inflation is applied to all the items while the respective value of price change for each of these would be different. Owing to the difficulties involved with CPPA, CCA (Current Cost Accounting) entered into the frame. In this also, there is revision of values but the same is not driven by changes in general price index but by current cost or replacement cost. In this approach, assets tend to be represented at the replacement value and not the historical cost. However, concerns are raised about the objective determination of the realisable value of assets especially i n case of intangible assets. Also, verification becomes difficult in this case for the intended users (ICAEW, 2006, pp. 21-37). Yet another alternative to the constant price assumption of HCA is the Continuously Contemporary Accounting (CoCoA) which prescribes the monetary value is dynamic and hence it makes sense to report the various items in terms of cash equivalent as on date. Even though this model was easy to apply and also relevant for the information needs of the intended users, but still the users of this system were few as this represented a shift to exit price system. Additionally, this model was highly dependent on the ongoing market value of the asset which may be at stark contract with the estimated value by the firm internally. Finally, this paved way to the fair value accounting or FVA approach where the assets and liabilities were recorded at their market value and hence revaluation was done on a periodic basis so as to ensure that the true value is represented. However, there are issues with this system which are similar CPA which tend to make the investors apprehensive especially at a time when the risks associated with various instruments is not completely understood (ICAEW, 2006,pp. 21-37). The underlying criteria for success would be the number of users. In this regard, it may be concluded that fair value accounting has been fairly successful and the user base is on the increase. Further, MHCA has also been successful as the old HCA model has very little relevance considering the inability to recognise intangible assets. The others have had limited success and hence currently not much The building blocks of a conceptual framework are highlighted below (AASB, 2001, pp. 12). Scope subject of the discipline For defining this, consideration needs to be given to the reporting entity (subject) and the concept of financial reporting (scope). This is critical as the various concepts or principles need to directly or indirectly relate to the same so as to have relevance. Objectives It is imperative to keep the objectives in mind which essentially relate to why financial reporting needs to be done keeping in mind the various intended users and their underlying uses. Outlining the fundamentals Once the scope, subject and objectives have been linked, it is essential to set the fundamental principles that need to be adhered. These refer to the key qualitative characteristics that the financial statements must adhere to. Also the essential elements are defined which form the basis of reporting. Operational These tend to relate the operationalizing the key fundamentals by highlighting the key recognition and measurement criteria relating to the subject keeping in mind the fundamental principles and the final objectives to be met. Display Once the various financial information has been recognised and measured, then the same needs to be displayed in various formats that tend to be consistent with the above principles and need to be detailed so that the reporting entity have required guidelines. Policy of standard setting It is essential that finally there needs to be key concepts in relation to setting of standards which ensure that there is less ambiguity and more uniformity in reporting. Enforcement Finally, monitoring needs to be carried out in order to enhance the enforcement level. One of the key advantages associated with conceptual framework is that it leads to harmonisation of accounting standards which are followed in various geographies as the key concepts tend to be based on the framework while suitable customization may be done in wake of the local environment. Another key advantage is that the conceptual framework acts as guidance for the standard setters who continuously tend to ensure that the key principle highlighted is not violated by the current accounting standards and tend to bring suitable modifications in order to enhance conformity (AASB, 2001,pp. 5-6). However, there are certain criticisms of conceptual framework as well. One of the key criticisms is with regards to the definition of liabilities which is quite general and difficult to apply in specific cases. Further, in case of IASB conceptual framework, the terms used for the definition of both assets and liabilities seem very similar. Also, the recognition of assets and liabilities is based on probability which is intrinsically subjective. Besides, it is also argued that conceptual framework tends to lack specific principles with certain aspects which are increasingly becoming more important such as lease accounting. Further, some scholars question on the possibility of a true conceptual framework in a scenario where there is lack of consensus in relation to basic accounting elements definition. The incremental approach used for the conceptual framework has also come under criticism from various corners as it is biased towards historical conventions (Deegan, 2014, pp. 259-261). I tend to agree with most of these criticisms but at the same time considering the enormity of the task, I would consider that conceptual framework is a step in the right direction with its limitations. But, it is a step in the right direction as it leads to consensus building and harmonisation in the long run References Alexander, D; Britton, A. Jorissen, A. (2007). International Financial Reporting and Analysis, 3rd edn., Hong Kong: Thomson. Australian Accounting Standards Board [AASB]. (2001). The Nature and Purpose of Statements of Accounting Concepts (Policy Statement PS5). Retrieved from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ACCPS5_07-01.pdf Deegan, C. (2014). Financial Accounting Theory (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill: Sydney IFRS Foundation.(2015). Exposure Draft ED/2015/3: Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, May 2015. Retrieved from https://www.ifrs.org/-/media/project/conceptual-framework/exposure-draft/published-documents/ed-conceptual-framework.pdf Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales [ICAEW].(2006). Measurement in Financial Reporting: Information for better markets initiative. Retrieved from https://www.icaew.com/-/media/corporate/files/technical/financial-reporting/information-for-better-markets/ifbm/measurement-in-financial-reporting.ash International Accounting Standards Board [IASB].(2010). Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010. Retrieved from https://www.ifrs.org/News/Press-Releases/Documents/ConceptualFW2010vb.pdf Mathews, M. R. Perera, M. H. B. (1996). Theory construction in accounting. In Accounting theory and development, 3rd edn., Melbourne: Thomas Nelson. Development Current In Accounting Thought – Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Development Current In Accounting Thought? Answer: Introducation The article written by Michael Cohn published in Accounting Today on September 11, 2017 highlights upon the expansion plans of Eide Bailly LLP, which is included under the leading 100 CPA firms located in Utah, a state in western part of the United States. Eide Bailly is looking forward to acquire a small CPA firm, named as Hawkins Advisors effectively on 30th October 2017 (Cohn, 2017). The main headquarter of Eide Bailly is located in Fargo, N.D. along with branches in Ogden, Utah and Lehi, Salt Lake City (Cohn, 2017). It was mentioned that after the completion of the deal, the company will result in making Eide Bailly the biggest CPA organization in Utah considering the total number of staff (Eide Bailly, 2017a). Additionally, financial terms with respect to the deal were not disclosed yet. Moreover, Eide Bailly has merged with other since last year including Langenhorst Self-Merritt CPAs P.S., Daines Goodwin Co, JW Advisors and Bryce Wisans CPA practice along with adding Rauch H ermanson Everroad Ltd. in their organization (Eide Bailly LLP, 2017). The objective of this study is to provide an in-depth theoretical understanding of the article present by Cohn (2017) for assisting the company to engage themselves efficiently in the upcoming future. Related Theories of Accounting The article review is briefly focused on the situation, which highlights merger and acquisition process considering the accounting principles along with standards. Merger and acquisition is an essential part of corporate finance, as it helps the business to grow successfully. Merger is a strategic tool helping two or more companies to combine and form a single large organization, where one company will gain the ultimate power and the other will lose its corporate existence (Kansal Chandani, n.d.). Multinational corporations are focusing on mergers and acquisitions up to higher levels, which will lead to achieving organizational growth. Mergers are often considered as a value maximizing initiative, which assits in increasing the shareholders wealth as well as financial synergy (Cartwright Cooper, 2014). Additionally, acquisition is the process, where a bigger organization takes complete control of the smaller organization. Hence, merger and acquisition refers to the integration of t wo or more organizations aligned with diverse cultures, values, forces and converts them into a single cohesive unit. Moreover, mergers can be of two different types including horizontal merger and vertical merger (Kansal Chandani, n.d.; Andrade, Mitchell Stafford, 2001). Horizontal merger can be defined as an involvement of organizations working in the same field, whereas vertical mergers are those where the field of works differs considering both the companies. Merger is a long process, which significantly requires extensive support from both the organizations for the proper development of business. There are few factors, which are necessary for maintaining the balance between the merged organizations due to the difference in cultures and will, as they can have potential impacts on the operations. Therefore, the factors influencing the organizations during mergers and acquisitions include system dynamics, person-focused change, structure-focused change, government policies along with profitability issues (Kansal Chandani, n.d.; Roundy, 2009). In addition, a merger cannot be successful, if only judged from a financial perspective. Active involvement of both the companies into one is necessary for smoother transition process of the business. Some of the additional challenges faced during the transition process are stress management, cultural management, HR restructuring, job insecurity, resistance towards change, redundancies, low motivation as well as talent drainage among others (Kansal Chandani, n.d.; Ferreira, Santos, de Almeida Reis, 2014). Furthermore, there are few reasons behind the failure of merger and acquisitions, which includes lack of proper communication, support along with lack of confidence on each other, frustration and confusion. It also includes forceful habit, loss of competency as well as fear of working with new set of individuals aligned with different behaviors. Therefore, it becomes necessary for the leaders to manage the situation along with bringing it to normal. Therefore, leaders can focus on overcoming the situation of resistance to change through planning and implementing strategies. Some of these strategies include clear vision, integration plan, employee involvement, customer focus and unders tanding the differences in culture and downsizing. These strategies will ensure successful implementation of the merger and acquisition processes (Kansal Chandani, n.d.; Roundy, 2009). Application of Theory Applying the theoretical concepts of merger and acquisition, it is clearly explainable that Eide Bailly, being a larger organization is acquiring the Hawkins advisors, which is a smaller in size. Here, it is evident that a horizontal merger will be taking place between Eide Bailly and Hawkins Advisors as both works under the field of accounting practice, commonly known as Certified Public Accounting (CPA) firm. Both the companies may have different cultures, but the field of work is same. Here the acquisition will not be forceful as Hawkins Advisors have agreed to the offered presented by Eide Bailly.Hawkins Advisors has mentioned that they will benefit by merging with Eide Bailly, as joining them will help in delivering world-class services for the existing businesses along with the in Utah. Eide Bailly will have to take essential steps to motivate the partners along with the staff of Hawkins Advisors for joining their company (Kansal Chandani, n.d.; Cohn, 2017). Moreover, it was mentioned that the viewpoint considering financial aspects is not important, as compared to their active involvement. Here, the acquisition will not provide financial benefit to Eide Bailly to achieve high level of profit, but it will definitely assist the company to become the leading CPA organization in Utah considering the amount of team members. At the current stage, Eide Bailly comprises of 169 partners along with members. The acquisition of Hawkins Advisors will bring additional 8 partners as well as 58 staff. Hence, the strategy of merging will be effective, only if Eide Bailly and their partners use their ability to manage the workforce along with motivating them. Merger will take time, but Eide Bailly need to capitalize the situation and start planning for the new workforce, who are the future assets of the organization (Kansal Chandani, n.d.; Cohn, 2017). Summary After analyzing the theoretical framework of merger and acquisition, the acquisition Hawkins Advisors can be viewed as a fruitful decision for Eide Bailly considering the similarities in culture and the field of work. Being a service industry, Eide bailly has provided quality services to the clients, as they primarily focus on customer satisfaction. Horizontal Merger between the two companies will bring additional human resources as well as innovative ideas along with opinions, which will help Eide Bailly to grow as the leading organization in Utah. This will help in enhancing the business in terms of providing world-class service along with maximization of profits. Conclusively, Eide Bailly should agree to the deal at a confirmed price with Hawkins Advisors as soon as possible, which will provide surety of the merger. Major Issues Covered in the Exposure Draft The article provided by FASB as on June 5, 2017, the key issue covered in the exposure draft of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is related to stock compensation. FASB issued this update as proposed by the companies to take an initiative for simplifying accounting activities. The key objective of the simplification initiative was improving as well as maintaining the effectiveness of the provided information to the financial statement users. This will help in the reduction of cost and respective complexities aligned during financial reporting (FASB, 2017). Various aspects were updated for the transactions with respect to share-based payment for acquisition of goods as well as services from the non-employees. Topic 718 of the compensation, specifically the stock compensation is the key focus of proposed update. The requirement of topic 718 was focused on the non-employee awards keeping the model of option pricing and input related to it, in addition to cost attribution as ex ception (PWC, 2017). Furthermore, the awards related to share-based payments for the equity-classified non-employees would be assessed on the grant date. Here, the definition of grant date would be changed in general, as the grantor and grantee agrees to a mutual understanding with respect to terms and conditions, considering awards of non-employee share-based payments. The transactions related to same will be amended and accordingly assessed through specific estimation of equity instruments fair value (FASB, 2017; PWC, 2017). Behavior of the Regulator Considering the Public Interest Theory Regulators are the advocates, who look after public interest and measures= the purpose for achieving certain desired results accordingly. This becomes impossible to attain, if the activity is kept aside depending upon the market. Adequate behaviors are necessary under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for the amendments in transactions taking place through shared-based payments. The decision on amendments by the regulators of the accounting body FASB was taken based on the required changes by the public firms. The amendment in shared-based payments for the goods as well as services from the non-employees will help in earning benefit by selling any instrument. It will ensure the measurement of its value at a fair value estimated and the firm will be obligated for issuing it during the delivery or rendering of both goods and services in any condition. Additionally, the probability related to performance conditions will be satisfactory considering the conditions in transac tions related to share-based payments by the non-employees. Moreover, any non-public firm will be able switch from the measurement process of awards related to share-based payments. This is done by the liability-classified non-employees at its fair value to the intrinsic value (FASB, 2017; Gaffikin, 2005). Views Presented in the Comments Letters The comment letter number 14 by Ball Corporation responded in agreement of the amendments made by the FASB considering shared-based transactions. They agreed that the overall amendment will ensure reduction in both cost and complexity of the financial reporting due to their close alignment of non-employee with employee shared-based accounting with respect the stock compensation. Additionally, measurement of the issued equity instruments at its fair value on grant date is agreed. Probability related to performance conditions was asked to be reassessed periodically. Moreover, agreement in vested share-based payments, forfeiture guidance, accounting guidance was responded in the comment letter (Ball Corporation, 2017). The For instance, the comment letter number 18 of Alphabet Inc simply agreed upon the FASBs initiatives with respect to the simplification of requirements in the accounting processes of share-based payments. They believed that the amendment will reduce the overall complex ities along with the cost (Alphabet Inc, 2017). With respect to the comment letter 8 of FICPA, it disagrees on the amendments proposed by the FASB. This was considering shared-based payments as their committee members were uncertain regarding the reduction in cost and complexities, which was the intended goal of the board. They mentioned that the removal of fair value considering goods as well as services and determining the same on equity instrument by the organization itself, will be burdensome considering the cost along with complexities (FICPA, 2017). The fourth and the final comment letter number 17 of Pacira Pharmaceuticals Inc, agrees on the proposed amendments for simplification along with clarification in share-based payments accounting related to non-employees. Additionally, the firm responded that awards for employees as well as non-employees accounting based upon the performance should not be diversified. Equity award does not require any comparison on its grant for a no n-employees or employees. They believed that shared-based payments considering employees as well nonemployees should be similarly assessed. Moreover, separate disclosure is not necessary for the users considering their financial statements in shared-based payments (Pacira Pharmaceuticals Inc, 2017). Interpretation of the Comments Letters The comments letter mentioned in the above paragraph denotes that the agreement for amendment proposal of the FASB by three organizations including Ball Corporation, Alphabet Inc and Pacira Pharmaceuticals (Ball Corporation, 2017; Alphabet Inc, 2017; Pacira Pharmaceuticals Inc, 2017). The only firm disagreeing upon the decision was FICPA, which was against the exposure draft by FASB (FICPA, 2017). Agreement of three companies included the amendments proposed, considering the share-based payments of the goods as well as services from the non-employees will help in reducing the cost and complexities of the financial reporting leading to better results in the future. All the three companies agreed upon the decision responded the same answers respectively (Ball Corporation, 2017; Alphabet Inc, 2017; Pacira Pharmaceuticals Inc, 2017). However, FICPA believed that common practices in markets including public entity as well as non public firms for investors along with shareholders will excl ude expenses related to equity compensation. Additionally, limited focus will be placed on financial statement related to equity compensation, where footnote disclosures are quite voluminous. Therefore, FICPA and its committee members disagreed on the fact (FICPA, 2017). Theories of regulation Theory of Public interest is referred as the regulation initiated by the government considering the public demand as a whole for the purpose of amending any market practices, which are inequitable or inefficient for the organization (Gaffikin, 2005; Martins, 2009). With respect to the theories of private interest in concern, general people combine themselves into groups for pursuing their self-interests. Here, regulatory processes follow private interest rather than public interest and dominate the situation, where instances of wealth or power are considered for any amendment. Besides, the theory of regulatory capture is the situation, where authoritarian bodies act for publics interest and are enforced for providing benefits to different industries (Martins, 2009). After analyzing the entire study and the amendment proposed by FASB along with the comments letters from four different respondents, theory of public interest provides the best explanation of the amendments. The amendment proposed will help both non-employees as well as the organizations to reduce cost along with complexities and maximize their profits by transacting share-based payments. Hence, majority of the respondents in the comments letters agree to the decision of shared-based payments (FASB, 2017). References Alphabet Inc. (2017). Comment letter No. 18. Retrieved from https://www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobkey=idblobnocache=trueblobwhere=1175835051328blobheader=application%2Fpdfblobheadername2=Content-Lengthblobheadername1=Content-Dispositionblobheadervalue2=660622blobheadervalue1=filename%3DNESBP.ED.018.ALPHABET_INC._JOSH_PAUL_KELLY_HERELD.pdfblobcol=urldatablobtable=MungoBlobs Andrade, G., Mitchell, M. L., Stafford, E. (2001). New evidence and perspectives on mergers. Journal of Economic perspectives, 15(2), 103-120. Ball Corporation. (2017). Comment letter No. 14. Retrieved from https://www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobkey=idblobnocache=trueblobwhere=1175835049754blobheader=application%2Fpdfblobheadername2=Content-Lengthblobheadername1=Content-Dispositionblobheadervalue2=644511blobheadervalue1=filename%3DNESBP.ED.014.BALL_CORPORATION_SHAWN_M._BARKER.pdfblobcol=urldatablobtable=MungoBlobs Cartwright, S. Cooper, C. L. (2014). Management and acquisitions: The human factor. United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann. Cohn, M. (2017). Eide Bailly to merge in Hawkins Advisors. Retrieved from https://www.accountingtoday.com/news/eide-bailly-to-merge-with-hawkins-advisors Eide Bailly LLP. (2017). Eide Bailly expands in Utah. Retrieved from https://www.eidebailly.com/insights/firm-news/2017/eide-bailly-expands-in-utah Eide Bailly LLP. (2017a). Inspired to be there for you. Retrieved from https://www.eidebailly.com/about-us/locations